What is an RSA Certificate?
RSA certificates, also known as SSL certificates, are a foundational part of internet security and help enable encrypted communication between a web server and web browsers. What is RSA Certificate? RSA stands for Rivest–Shamir–Adleman, the surnames of the cryptographers who developed the algorithm on which these certificates are based.
Internet communications and transactions commonly use RSA encryption for security. When you see the Tune icon in your browser, you are using RSA encryption supported by an RSA certificate.
Key Takeaways
- RSA certificates use public key cryptography to enable secure web connections.
- The private and public keys are mathematically related and used to encrypt/decrypt data.
- RSA certificates verify the identity of a website and enable encrypted HTTPS connections.
- Top benefits include authentication, data encryption, trust, and consumer confidence.
- Certificate authorities issue and validate different types of RSA certificates.
- Extended Validation (EV) certificates provide maximum identity assurance.
- RSA certificates must be renewed every 1-2 years to remain valid.
How Does an RSA Certificate Work?
An RSA certificate enables a secure connection between a web server and a web browser using public key cryptography.
Here are the key steps involved:
The Private and Public Keys
The first step is for the website (domain name) owner to generate a public and private key pair. These mathematically related asymmetric keys work together during the encryption process.
- The web server keeps the private key secret. The private key decrypts data encrypted with the public key.
- The public key can be openly shared. It is used to encrypt data that can only be decrypted with the private key.
Creating a Certificate Signing Request
The next step is for the website owner to create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) containing the public key and details like the organization name and domain name.
The CSR is submitted to a trusted certificate authority (CA) such as Symantec, DigiCert, GoDaddy, etc. The CA will verify the identity of the business requesting the certificate to prevent fraud.
Issuing the RSA Certificate
Once the identity is validated, the CA will issue an RSA certificate containing:
- The public key provided in the CSR
- Domain name, business identity, and location
- The expiration date of the certificate
- Digital signature of the CA
Installing the Certificate
The RSA certificate is installed on the website’s web server, and the private key is also installed and kept securely protected.
Secure HTTPS Connections
When connecting to a website, a web browser receives a copy of the RSA certificate. The browser verifies the certificate signature against the trusted CA to authenticate the website’s identity.
If valid, the browser creates an encrypted HTTPS connection using the public key in the certificate. The public key encrypts data transmitted, which only the private key on the server can decrypt.
This is how an RSA certificate enables a secure, encrypted connection between the website and the browser. The process also validates that the website is owned and operated by the identified entity.
What are the Benefits of Using RSA Certificates
RSA certificates provide significant security and trust benefits for websites and users:
Authentication and Data Encryption
RSA certificates verify a website’s identity and enable encrypted HTTPS connections. User data is encrypted during transmission, protecting privacy and security.
Trust and Confidence
The reassuring Tune icon to build user trust in the website, making customers feel more confident entering personal or payment information.
Higher Conversion Rates
HTTPS websites have been shown to have higher conversion rates, owing to improved trust and rankings in search engines like Google.
SEO Ranking Boost
Websites with RSA certificates rank higher in search results and are favored by Google’s algorithm. This can significantly improve traffic and visibility.
PCI DSS Compliance
The Payment Card Industry (PCI) rrequires websites handling credit card data to use SSL certificates for compliance. RSA certificates help meet this regulatory requirement.
Corporate Credibility
RSA certificates portray a sense of legitimacy, professionalism, and security, and influence consumer perceptions about a company’s credibility.
What are the Different Types of RSA Certificates
There are different classes and types of RSA certificates provided by Certificate Authorities:
Domain Validation (DV) Certificates
These basic RSA certificates just validate ownership of the domain name. No actual identity verification is done. DV SSL certificates enable encryption and the Tune icon but are less trusted.
Organization Validation (OV) Certificates
OV SSL certificates provide enhanced trust by having the CA validate the identity of the business or organization. The certificate includes more identification details.
Extended Validation (EV) Certificates
EV SSL certificates involve thorough verification by the CA, including legal, physical, and operational checks. They provide the maximum identity assurance and are issued to well-known global entities.
Wildcard Certificates
A Wildcard SSL certificate can secure an unlimited number of subdomains under a root domain (e.g., *.example.com). This is more cost-effective than individual certificates for each subdomain.
In addition, there are code signing certificates, client certificates, S/MIME certificates, and more for specific security requirements.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Certificate Authority
The Certificate Authority (CA) issues and validates RSA certificates, playing a critical role. Major web browsers maintain a list of trusted CAs whose certificates they will accept.
Choosing an established, reputable CA like DigiCert or Sectigo ensures maximum browser compatibility and trust. Self-signed certificates or those from an obscure CA often trigger security warnings in browsers.
The leading CAs have stringent verification processes before issuing different classes of certificates. They also maintain high standards of operational security and infrastructure to protect their root certificate keys.
Certificate Validity Periods and Renewal
RSA certificates have a standard validity period of 1-2 years. The expiration date is clearly visible on the certificate. To maintain security, the certificate must be renewed when it lapses:
- 30 days before expiration, browsers will start showing warnings about the certificate.
- When the certificate expires, the website connection downgrades to insecure HTTP without encryption.
- Renewing the certificate is straightforward: generate a new Certificate Signing Request and have it issued by the CA. No new private/public key pair is needed.
It is recommended that certificates be renewed at least 2-3 months before expiration to allow time for any issues and avoid disruption. Some CAs will attempt to notify customers when certificates are about to expire.
How to Check and View an RSA Certificate
There are easy ways for users to view and verify the details in an RSA certificate installed on a website:
Key Points on DES
- Browser Tune icon: Click on this in the browser address bar to view certificate details.
- SSL Checker Tool: Submit your domain on this website to see in-depth analysis and grading of the certificate.
- Command line: The OpenSSL command provides options to connect to a server and view certificate information.
- Website SEO tools: Websites like Moz and Ahrefs display SSL certificate information for domains in their tools.
Implementation Best Practices for RSA Certificates
To leverage the full security benefits, it is important to implement RSA certificates properly:
- Obtain for all domains/subdomains: Do not miss out on any domains that accept user information. Redirect http to https across all properties.
- Install only on front-end servers: Certificates should be installed only on user-facing web servers and load balancers. Internal back-end servers do not need certificates.
- Use 2048-bit keys: For stronger encryption, generate 2048-bit or higher private keys. 1024-bit keys are older and weaker.
- Limit to required domains only: Add only the domains that need to be secured under the certificate. Unnecessary additions weaken security.
- Use strong private key protection: Store private keys securely, restrict access, and prevent unauthorized export with passwords.
- Monitor expiration dates. Use reminders or management tools to renew certificates on time, at least 2-3 months before expiration.
Final Thoughts
RSA certificates secure internet communications and ecommerce transactions. The cryptographic technology enables trusted identity verification and encrypted connections between websites and browsers.
While the technical aspects can seem complex, RSA certificates provide core benefits like authentication, encryption, trust, and consumer confidence. Proper implementation and renewal processes are key to maximizing security capabilities. As threats like hacking and data breaches continue to rise, RSA certificates will become even more vital in protecting sensitive user information online. For website owners, investing is important to ensure customer safety and business credibility in an interconnected world.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is RSA encryption?
RSA is a public-key encryption algorithm that uses mathematical factorization to encrypt and decrypt messages. It uses a public and private key pair for secure communication.
How does an RSA certificate work?
An RSA certificate contains a public key that is used to encrypt messages. The private key is kept secret and used to decrypt the messages that were encrypted with the public key.
What is an RSA certificate used for?
RSA certificates are primarily used to enable encrypted HTTPS connections between a website and users’ browsers. They securely validate the website owner’s identity.
What is a digital certificate?
A digital certificate is an electronic document used to prove ownership of a public key. It contains information about the key, owner, issuer and validity period.
What is a public key?
A public key is made freely available to anyone. The public key encrypts messages that only the private key can decrypt.
What is a private key?
A private key is kept secret by the owner. The private key decrypts messages encrypted with the corresponding public key.
What is SSL/TLS encryption?
SSL/TLS is a protocol that provides secure communication over the internet. It uses RSA certificates to establish an encrypted link between a web server and browser.
Priya Mervana
Verified Web Security Experts
Priya Mervana is working at SSLInsights.com as a web security expert with over 10 years of experience writing about encryption, SSL certificates, and online privacy. She aims to make complex security topics easily understandable for everyday internet users.